Category Archives: The Transition and Your Hormones

TSH and Menopause: Sorting Out Symptoms from Thyroid Issues

TSH and Menopause

Sorting Out Symptoms from Thyroid Issues

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is the signal your brain sends to the thyroid to keep things running — energy, metabolism, even body temperature. When everything is balanced, you don’t notice it. During midlife, though, the picture gets cloudy.

Menopause symptoms and thyroid problems often look the same. Fatigue, weight changes, mood swings, or hair thinning can come from either one. That’s why TSH is such an important clue when you’re trying to figure out what’s really going on.

Symptoms of TSH Changes

When TSH is out of balance, your thyroid can either slow down (hypothyroidism) or speed up (hyperthyroidism). Both come with symptoms that often get mistaken for menopause:

Fatigue. Feeling wiped out, even after resting, is a common thyroid warning sign.

woman holding head

Weight Changes. Unexplained weight gain or loss can point to thyroid imbalance.

woman standing on a scale

Hair Thinning. Hair that sheds more than usual or feels thinner may be linked to thyroid shifts.

Mood Shifts. Anxiety, irritability, or low mood can surface when thyroid function is off.

Trouble Regulating Body Temperature. Feeling unusually hot or cold may signal thyroid changes, not just menopause.

If you’ve ever wondered whether your symptoms are “just menopause” or something else, a simple blood test for TSH can give you answers.

Lifestyle Strategies

Supporting thyroid health doesn’t always mean big changes, but the basics matter:

Nutrition first: Iodine-rich foods like seaweed, dairy, and eggs support thyroid function. Selenium (found in Brazil nuts and fish) is another nutrient your thyroid relies on.

Stress management: High stress can throw thyroid hormones off balance. Daily practices like meditation, walking, or yoga are more powerful than they seem.

Sleep consistency: Just like with other hormones, a steady sleep schedule helps regulate thyroid function and energy.

Medical Options

Unlike some other hormones, thyroid problems usually need direct treatment. If your thyroid is underactive, doctors often prescribe synthetic thyroid hormone (levothyroxine). If it’s overactive, treatments may include medication, radioactive iodine, or, in rare cases, surgery.

The important part is that TSH testing helps separate thyroid issues from menopausal changes — so you’re not left guessing or trying to treat the wrong problem.

Closing Thoughts

TSH may not be a hormone you think about every day, but it plays a significant role in how you feel during midlife. Menopause can mask thyroid issues, or thyroid changes can be blamed on menopause.

Either way, keeping an eye on TSH levels — and getting the proper treatment if needed — can give you more energy, clarity, and confidence in this stage of life.

If you found something useful here, click like, subscribe to Fabulous at Forty & Beyond, and check out more at INC’s Fabulous at Forty & Beyond – The Transition and Your Hormones page!

*Health and wellness coaches engage in evidence-based, client-centered processes that facilitate and empower clients to develop and achieve self-determined, health and wellness goals. We do not diagnose, interpret medical data, prescribe or de-prescribe, recommend supplements, provide nutrition consultation or create meal plans, provide exercise prescription or instruction, consult and advise, or provide psychological therapeutic interventions or treatment.

Progesterone and Menopause: The Hormone Behind Sleep, Mood, and Cycles

Progesterone and Menopause

The Hormone Behind Sleep, Mood, and Cycles

Progesterone isn’t the hormone most people talk about, but you’ve been living with it your whole adult life. It kept your cycle in check, helped balance out estrogen, and gave you that calm, steady feeling that made sleep come easier.

Once menopause shows up, though, progesterone is usually the first one to slip away. That’s when you start to notice the small but annoying changes — periods that go haywire, moods that swing harder, and nights where sleep feels like something of the past.

Symptoms of Progesterone Decline

As progesterone slips away, you may notice:

  • Irregular or heavier periods, before your cycle finally stops
  • Trouble sleeping, like waking up at 2 a.m. and not being able to drift back off
  • Mood swings, including more anxiety, irritability, or feeling on edge
  • Difficulty handling stress, since progesterone’s natural calming effect is missing

Progesterone may not get the same attention as estrogen, but its absence can be just as noticeable in your daily life.

Lifestyle Strategies

Here’s how you can help your body adjust as progesterone declines:

Protect your sleep: Stick to a regular bedtime and wake time and cut back on late-night caffeine or alcohol that can sabotage rest.

Get moving: Gentle exercise like yoga, walking, or stretching can calm your nervous system and improve sleep quality.

Eat for balance: Foods like leafy greens, nuts, and seeds give your body the raw materials it needs for hormone health.

nuts and seeds

Stress relief: Progesterone and stress have a tricky relationship. When stress is high, sleep and mood take the biggest hit. Build in calming practices daily — journaling, meditation, or even a warm bath can make a difference.

Medical Options

Sometimes lifestyle support isn’t enough, especially if sleep or mood struggles feel overwhelming. Medical options include:

  • Hormone therapy: For women with a uterus, progesterone is usually combined with estrogen in hormone therapy to protect against uterine cancer.
  • Progesterone creams: Some women find relief with topical creams, though research on their effectiveness varies.
  • Other treatments: Certain antidepressants or sleep aids can help manage the symptoms that come with low progesterone.

As always, these decisions should be made with a trusted healthcare provider who understands your personal health history.

Closing Thoughts

Progesterone may not be the star of the show, but when it fades, the effects are real — from restless nights to shorter tempers. By focusing on lifestyle foundations and exploring medical support if needed, you can ease the ride. Remember, menopause doesn’t mean losing control. It means learning a new way to work with your body.

If you found something useful here, click like, subscribe to Fabulous at Forty & Beyond, and check out more at INC’s Fabulous at Forty & Beyond – The Transition and Your Hormones page!

*Health and wellness coaches engage in evidence-based, client-centered processes that facilitate and empower clients to develop and achieve self-determined, health and wellness goals. We do not diagnose, interpret medical data, prescribe or de-prescribe, recommend supplements, provide nutrition consultation or create meal plans, provide exercise prescription or instruction, consult and advise, or provide psychological therapeutic interventions or treatment.

Estrogen in Menopause: Why the Drop Feels So Big (and What Helps Most)

Estrogen in Menopause

Why the Drop Feels So Big (and What Helps Most)

Estrogen is often called the queen hormone for a reason. It’s been steering the ship for decades — running your cycles, supporting your bones, keeping your heart healthy, and even shaping how sharp and steady your mind feels.

Estrogen dominance, where estrogen outweighs progesterone, can happen at any stage of life and is often tied to conditions like fibroids, endometriosis, and adenomyosis.

For those with estrogen dominance, heavy or irregular bleeding, PMS, and mood swings in perimenopause can be more intense than for someone without it. Eventually, the balance shifts again, and estrogen begins its steady decline, bringing a whole new set of challenges.

When menopause comes knocking, usually somewhere between your mid-40s and mid-50s, your estrogen levels take a steep dive. This isn’t just about saying goodbye to your period. It’s a whole-body shift that touches nearly every system, from your metabolism to your mood.

Symptoms of Estrogen Decline

When estrogen drops, you notice it. Hot flashes and night sweats become the classic calling cards, but they aren’t the only ones. You might also deal with:

  • Vaginal dryness or discomfort during intimacy
  • Mood swings or a shorter fuse than you used to have
  • Trouble sleeping
  • A dip in sexual desire

These changes aren’t just “in your head.” Estrogen truly helps protect your bones, heart, and brain — so when it falls, the ripple effects are real.

Lifestyle Strategies

Here’s where you can take the wheel. You can’t stop estrogen from declining, but you can work with your body to soften the blow:

Move Your Body

Weight-bearing exercise (like walking, hiking, or lifting light weights) keeps bones strong and helps fight that midlife weight creep.

Eat Smart

Foods rich in calcium (think leafy greens, fortified plant milks, or low-fat dairy) and vitamin D give your bones the backup they need.

Sleep hygiene

Create a bedtime routine that calms your system — dim lights, no screens, and a regular schedule.

woman drinking in bed

Stress check

Practices like yoga, meditation, or even deep breathing are more than “extras” — they keep cortisol (your stress hormone) in check and balance out estrogen’s loss.

Medical Options

Sometimes lifestyle changes aren’t enough, and that’s okay. Hormone therapy (HT) can replace some of the estrogen you’ve lost.

It comes in different forms — pills, patches, and creams. HT can be very effective for easing hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal symptoms.

It’s not for everyone, though, and it’s something to weigh carefully with your healthcare provider. Non-hormonal options also exist — certain antidepressants, for example, have been shown to ease hot flashes and improve sleep.

Closing Thoughts

The drop in estrogen is one of the biggest drivers behind the changes you feel in menopause. But knowledge is power — and pairing smart lifestyle choices with the right medical guidance gives you control back. Menopause isn’t the end of your vitality; it’s the start of a new chapter where you learn to support your body differently.

If you found something useful here, click like, subscribe to Fabulous at Forty & Beyond, and check out more at INC’s Fabulous at Forty & Beyond – The Transition and Your Hormones page!

*Health and wellness coaches engage in evidence-based, client-centered processes that facilitate and empower clients to develop and achieve self-determined, health and wellness goals. We do not diagnose, interpret medical data, prescribe or de-prescribe, recommend supplements, provide nutrition consultation or create meal plans, provide exercise prescription or instruction, consult and advise, or provide psychological therapeutic interventions or treatment.

Estrogen Dominance: How to Restore Balance

women smiling

Estrogen Dominance

How to Restore Balance

Estrogen dominance occurs when your body has more estrogen than progesterone, disrupting your hormonal balance. This is what typically causes PMS-like symptoms such as heavy periods, bloating, mood swings, and fatigue. If your hormones feel out of sync, knowing why can help you take steps to restore balance and have a cycle with fewer symptoms.

What Happens When Estrogen Becomes Dominant?

Your body thrives on hormonal balance. This imbalance can make PMS worse and impact your menstrual cycle. Estrogen dominance occurs when:

Your body produces too much estrogen;

You’re not making enough progesterone to keep estrogen in check;

Your body doesn’t eliminate excess estrogen efficiently.

How It Affects Your Cycle

Follicular Phase (First Half of Your Cycle)

Estrogen typically rises to support egg development. If it’s too high:

Irregular or prolonged bleeding may occur;

Your uterine lining can thicken excessively, leading to heavy periods.

feminine products

Ovulation

Ovulation depends on a delicate hormonal shift. Too much estrogen can interfere:

High estrogen can suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH);

This may prevent ovulation, leading to anovulatory cycles.

ovulation calendar

Luteal Phase (Second Half of Your Cycle)

After ovulation, progesterone should rise to counterbalance estrogen. When this doesn’t happen:

The corpus luteum may not form properly, reducing progesterone levels;

You might experience severe PMS, including bloating and mood swings.

woman holding stomach

How Many People Experience This Issue?

Hormonal imbalances are more common than you think. Research from the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism suggests that up to 50% of women may develop an estrogen imbalance at some point in their lives. Recognizing the signs early can help you take action.

Common Signs of Estrogen Dominance

If several of these sound familiar, you may have an imbalance:

  • Weight gain, especially around the hips and thighs
  • Mood swings and irritability
  • Heavy or irregular periods
  • Breast tenderness
  • Fatigue
  • Low sex drive
  • Bloating
  • Headaches or migraines
  • Sleep issues, including night sweats
  • Painful menstrual cramps

What Causes Estrogen to Become Too High?

Several factors can lead to an estrogen imbalance:

Excess body fat – Fat tissue produces estrogen, increasing levels.

woman pinching stomach fat

Chronic stress – Long-term stress lowers progesterone, disrupting balance.

woman holding head

Environmental toxins – Xenoestrogens in plastics, pesticides, and beauty products mimic estrogen.

plastic containers

Diet choices – Too much alcohol and low fiber intake slow estrogen breakdown.

woman drinking wine in bed

Aging – Perimenopause often triggers estrogen fluctuations.

woman sitting on couch

Certain medications – Birth control and some drugs alter hormone levels.

birth control pills

How to Bring Estrogen Back into Balance

If you’re struggling with symptoms, here’s how to support hormonal health:

  • Talk to your doctor – They can check hormone levels and suggest solutions.
  • Maintain a healthy weight – Lowering excess fat can help regulate estrogen.
  • Manage stress: yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can improve hormone balance.
  • Eat a hormone-friendly diet – high fiber, reduce alcohol, and include cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower.
  • Limit exposure to xenoestrogens – Simply done by choosing natural beauty products and avoid plastic containers.
  • Exercise regularly – Moving your body can help regulate hormones and ease symptoms.
  • Consider supplements – Some, like DIM or calcium D-Glucarate, may support estrogen balance. Always check with your doctor first.

If you’re dealing with symptoms, even small lifestyle changes can make a difference. But if your cycle shifts dramatically or your symptoms become overwhelming, it’s worth consulting a healthcare professional.

The more you understand estrogen dominance, the more control you have over your health. With the right steps, you can support your hormones and start feeling better.

If you found something useful here don’t hesitate to click like and don’t forget to subscribe to Fabulous at Forty & Beyond and check out more at INC’s Fabulous at Forty & Beyond – The Menopause Transition pages!

*Health and wellness coaches engage in evidence-based, client-centered processes that facilitate and empower clients to develop and achieve self-determined, health and wellness goals. We do not diagnose, interpret medical data, prescribe or de-prescribe, recommend supplements, provide nutrition consultation or create meal plans, provide exercise prescription or instruction, consult and advise, or provide psychological therapeutic interventions or treatment.

Hormones in Menopause: What’s Really Happening Inside Your Body

Hormones in Menopause

What’s Really Happening Inside Your Body

Hormones change a lot as you approach menopause. These shifts bring many symptoms and physical changes. Knowing about key hormones—estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH—is crucial, and understanding what is happening makes it less mysterious. It also gives you confidence to manage your health.

Estrogen: The Declining Leader

Estrogen, the main hormone we think of, drops significantly during menopause. As your ovaries slow down, estrogen levels fall. This decrease brings on many classic menopause symptoms. You might experience hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood changes, and bone density loss.

Your body doesn’t totally stop making estrogen—your adrenal glands and even some fat tissue still chip in a little. But overall, your levels are way lower than they were during your reproductive years.

woman having a hot flash

Progesterone: The Fading Partner

Progesterone, which works with estrogen during the menstrual cycle, also drops significantly during menopause. It’s mainly produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation. As ovulation becomes less frequent and eventually stops, progesterone levels fall.

This decrease in progesterone can contribute to irregular menstrual cycles, sleep disturbances and mood swings.

woman trouble sleeping

FSH and LH: The Rising Duo

As estrogen and progesterone levels fall, the body responds by increasing the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Produced by the pituitary gland, these hormones typically stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen and trigger ovulation.

During menopause, FSH and LH levels rise dramatically to stimulate the less responsive ovaries. Elevated FSH levels are often used as markers to confirm the menopausal transition.

luteinizing hormone

Managing the Hormonal Changes

Understanding these hormone changes helps you and your provider create a plan for managing menopausal symptoms. Hormone therapy (HT) is one option that can help by boosting hormone levels. It’s not the right choice for everyone, so discussing it with your provider is important.

There are lifestyle tweaks, like regular exercise, balanced eating, and stress reduction, that target specific symptoms avoiding hormone therapy. When you get a handle on what’s happening with your hormones, you can tackle this transition with confidence and make decisions that feel right for your health and well-being.

If you found something useful here don’t hesitate to click like and don’t forget to subscribe to Fabulous at Forty & Beyond and check out more INC’s Fabulous at Forty & Beyond – The Menopause Transition!

*Health and wellness coaches engage in evidence-based, client-centered processes that facilitate and empower clients to develop and achieve self-determined, health and wellness goals. We do not diagnose, interpret medical data, prescribe or de-prescribe, recommend supplements, provide nutrition consultation or create meal plans, provide exercise prescription or instruction, consult and advise, or provide psychological therapeutic interventions or treatment.

Thyroid Health and Menopause: Your Small but Mighty Gland

Thyroid Health and Menopause

Your Small but Mighty Gland

Thyroid health might not be the first thing on your mind when you think about menopause, but it should be. That emotional rollercoaster you’re on, the fatigue, or even that stubborn weight gain you chalk up to “normal” might have more to do with this little gland than you realize. Your thyroid plays a significant role in how you feel during menopause; giving it some attention can make all the difference.

What is Your Thyroid?

This butterfly-shaped gland located in your neck that is responsible for keeping your body in balance. It produces T3 and T4 hormones, which work alongside TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) to regulate key body functions.

What Does it Do?

This powerful gland helps control heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, weight, energy levels, sleep, memory, digestion, skin health, and even your menstrual cycle. When it’s out of sync, it affects almost every organ in your body—and you’ll definitely notice.

How to Check Your Thyroid Health

If you suspect something’s off, ask your doctor for a full panel at your next checkup. Standard tests often miss key details, so be sure the panel includes:

TSH, Free T3 and T4, Reverse T3, Total T3 and T4, T3 Uptake, Free Thyroxine Index

Here’s how to interpret the basics:

  • High TSH = Low thyroid function (hypothyroidism)
  • Low TSH = High thyroid function (hyperthyroidism)

Hypothyroidism

When your thyroid isn’t producing enough hormones, it’s called hypothyroidism. Symptoms include weight gain, fatigue, sensitivity to cold, brain fog, thinning hair, dry skin, constipation, and irregular or heavy periods. Causes can range from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis to iodine deficiency or medications like lithium. There’s also subclinical hypothyroidism, where TSH is high, but your levels are technically “normal.”

This can still cause symptoms like fatigue and mood swings and is often linked to issues like toxin exposure, gut imbalances, gluten sensitivity, and even EMFs.

Hyperthyroidism

If your thyroid is overactive, it’s called hyperthyroidism. Symptoms can include rapid heartbeat, anxiety, weight loss, increased appetite, brittle hair, and bulging eyes. Common causes include Graves’ disease or a toxic thyroid nodule.

Environmental Toxins: A Big Problem

Your thyroid is highly sensitive to environmental toxins, especially those that interfere with iodine. Unfortunately, these toxins are everywhere. Even small, daily exposures can disrupt your thyroid’s balance. BPA and phthalates in plastics, dioxins in bleach and paper products, flame retardants in furniture and electronics and triclosan in antibacterial soap and lotions.

BPA and phthalates: Found in plastics

Dioxins: Found in chlorine bleach and paper products

Flame retardants: Found in furniture and electronics

Triclosan: Found in antibacterial soaps and lotions

How to Support Your Thyroid During Menopause

Detox Your Environment

Limit exposure to EMFs and radiation.

Eat a clean diet with organic produce, grass-fed meats, and wild-caught fish.

Drink filtered water and switch to glass or stainless-steel containers.

Cut back on alcohol or avoid it altogether.

Add Friendly Foods

Make sure your diet includes nutrients that support your thyroid. Consider a high-quality B-complex supplement, avoid antibiotics whenever possible, and always consult your doctor before starting new supplements.

Iodine: Found in seaweed and iodized salt

Selenium: Found in Brazil nuts and fish

Zinc: Found in meats and shellfish

Support Your Gut

Your gut and thyroid are closely linked, so include prebiotics, probiotics, and fermented foods in your meals. Boost your fiber intake with a mix of soluble and insoluble fiber and cut out gluten and added sugars.

Rethink Birth Control

Birth control pills can deplete nutrients essential for thyroid health. If you’re taking them, talk to your doctor about how they might affect your thyroid function.

Reduce Stress

Stress can damage your thyroid. Create calming routines, like morning meditations or soothing bedtime rituals. Try yoga, deep breathing exercises, or Epsom salt baths, and experiment with essential oils to help you unwind.

Your thyroid is small, but mighty—especially during menopause. It might seem like one more thing on your to-do list. Still, balanced thyroid hormones can mean more energy, better mood, and fewer dreaded menopause symptoms. Give your thyroid the care it deserves. You can feel more balanced and in control with just a few tweaks to your lifestyle.

If you found something useful here don’t hesitate to click like and don’t forget to subscribe to Fabulous at Forty & Beyond and check out more INC’s Fabulous at Forty & Beyond – The Menopause Transition!

*Health and wellness coaches engage in evidence-based, client-centered processes that facilitate and empower clients to develop and achieve self-determined, health and wellness goals. We do not diagnose, interpret medical data, prescribe or de-prescribe, recommend supplements, provide nutrition consultation or create meal plans, provide exercise prescription or instruction, consult and advise, or provide psychological therapeutic interventions or treatment.

Hormone Therapy Alternatives: Lifestyle Changes for Relief

Hormone Therapy Alternatives

Lifestyle Changes Relief

Hormone therapy can be helpful, but it often brings side effects that many prefer to avoid. Making lifestyle changes to handle menopause is a natural way to take charge of your health. By tackling symptoms holistically, you’re supporting your whole body instead of just one area.

These changes can lift your energy, improve your daily life, and even help prevent future issues like osteoporosis, heart disease, and weight gain. And if you’re on hormone therapy (HT), these tips can give your treatment an extra boost for better results and overall well-being.

The Take-Charge Twelve

Exercise

Exercise is key when hormones are all over the place—just moving your body for thirty minutes a day can boost circulation, support your bones, and help balance things out. Even a simple walk can make a difference.

women walking

Nourish Your Gut Microbiome

Your gut is like your body’s motherboard, affecting everything from weight to brain fog. Boost your gut health with fiber-rich foods such as berries, vegetables, nuts, and beans, and add probiotics from kefir, sauerkraut, and tempeh.

gut health

Yoga and Meditation

Yoga and meditation are great for calming the mind, balancing stress hormones, and boosting mental clarity. They help you feel grounded and relaxed, reducing stress and improving focus.

woman in cat cow position

Essential Oils

Essential oils like lavender, sandalwood, peppermint, and frankincense create a calming atmosphere. Lavender is especially helpful for soothing the headaches many people experience during menopause. Try inhaling peppermint on a tissue for quick relief.

Lubricate with Coconut Oil

Menopause can cause vaginal dryness and make having sex uncomfortable, while traditional lubricants often feel sticky and unnatural. Good sex is important; great sex is better. Organic fractionated coconut oil offers a natural, gentle, and long-lasting moisture solution for a more comfortable experience.

Herbal Teas

Herbal tea is a great way to lift your mood and unwind. Teas such as passionflower, chamomile, and peppermint are particularly effective for easing anxiety and improving sleep.

chamomile tea

Restful Sleep

Good sleep is key to handling menopause symptoms, but it’s not always easy to get. Try sticking to a regular bedtime, shutting off screens a couple of hours before bed, and skipping caffeine after 2 p.m.

Acupuncture

Acupuncture is a popular choice for handling menopause symptoms, and a lot of insurance plans even cover it. It can help balance your energy, calm hot flashes, and make this phase a little easier.

Adaptogens

Adaptogens like maca, Rhodiola rosea, and ashwagandha can help your body handle stress naturally. Some of these herbs also ease anxiety and calm hot flashes, giving you steady energy and making menopause feel a bit smoother.

Flaxseeds

Flaxseed is rich in omega-3s, supporting hormone balance and reducing inflammation. Adding it to your diet can ease menopause symptoms and even help relieve joint pain. Omega-3s also help stabilize mood and improve overall heart health during menopause.

Kegels

A strong pelvic floor is crucial as we age, helping to prevent bladder leaks. To do a Kegel, tighten the muscles used to stop urine flow, hold for 3-5 seconds, then release. Aim to repeat this exercise multiple times a day—best of all, you can do them anywhere, and no one will know!

Attitude

Your outlook on menopause makes a difference. Embrace this phase with a positive outlook—it’s a chance to start fresh and leave past worries behind. With the right mindset, menopause can really be a time of growth and renewal.

Managing menopause through lifestyle changes is about self-care and empowerment. Hormone therapy can help, but these natural practices can make a real difference by supporting your whole body.

When you add in regular exercise, good nutrition, quality sleep, and a positive outlook, you’re setting yourself up for a healthier, happier experience. Menopause can be a time to grow, renew, and build resilience. Make these habits part of your routine, and you’ll likely feel more balanced, energized, and ready to thrive through this new chapter.

If you found something useful here, don’t hesitate to click like and don’t forget to subscribe to Fabulous at Forty & Beyond and check out more INC’s Fabulous at Forty & Beyond – The Menopause Transition!

*Health and wellness coaches engage in evidence-based, client-centered processes that facilitate and empower clients to develop and achieve self-determined, health and wellness goals. We do not diagnose, interpret medical data, prescribe or de-prescribe, recommend supplements, provide nutrition consultation or create meal plans, provide exercise prescription or instruction, consult and advise, or provide psychological therapeutic interventions or treatment.